Nature-based solutions (NbS) are critical for building resilience against the threats of climate change and biodiversity loss that are triggered by unsustainable land use and poor agricultural practices. Despite this understanding, investment into NbS in the G20 economies-especially from the the private sector, multilateral development banks, and international financial institutions-is inadequate. This policy brief reviews the progress on the valuation of ecosystem services, the impact assessment of NbS, and the return on investment in NbS to identify the gaps and opportunities to build upon the existing body of knowledge for the creation of a global monitoring, evaluation, and learning framework aligned to the Sustainable Development Goals. It also argues that the framework must account for all types of capital (natural, social, human, manufactured, and financial) and allow for both quantitative and qualitative indicators and stock and flow concepts.
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