EU Regulation, Brazil’s Open Health, and the India Stack: A Common Platform Approach to Integrated Digital Public Infrastructure

Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) aims to reform and advance productivity in a multitude of policy areas. India operationalised DPI through its own India Stack, which includes digital identity, fast payments, and data empowerment infrastructure. Similarly, Brazil is developing an open health programme to provide access to currently fragmented health records, while the European Union has introduced novel regulatory rules for certain digital platforms that may be considered equivalent to DPI. Competition reviews in digital markets since 2019 have found that markets in core platform services (such as messaging and social networking) are subject to ‘winner-takes-all’ effects, reducing contestability for public infrastructure. The reviews recommended the largest platforms to make elements of their services interoperable with competitors, thus increasing contestability. Against this background, this Policy Brief offers policy recommendations towards the convergence of obligations that should create a solid ground for G20 DPIs and contribute to an inclusive digital future.